Endoscopic Study of Anatomic Variations of Sphenoid Sinus, Sella Area and Hypophysis on Rasht Legal Medicine Organization 2011-2012

Nasal endoscopies are used for diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis، other pathogenic processes in sinonasal area and sinusitis bacterial recognition and also for practical endoscopic surgery of sinusitis. the aim of present research is to study endoscopic variations of sphenoid sinus، sellar region and Hypophysis in adult cadavers that are needed، for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery of hypophysial tumors from sellar area. 82 cadavers (64 males and 18 females) aged above 18 were studied in the time period between October 2011to March 2012. After uncineotomy and Anterior and posterior etmoidectomy and the exposition of sphenoid sinus with 0 and 30 degree endoscopies important anatomic landmarks were identified inside sphenoid sinus and questioned criterions were measured by pre-made tools. The average distance of sphenoid ostium from Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS) was 71. 08±1. 92 mm and 18. 59±2. 52 from upper age of choana. Average distance of hypophysis from sphenoid sinus bottom was 19. 43±1. 58 mm and 21. 59±1. 32 mm from sphenoid ostium. Sella average diameter was 1. 91 mm. There was 15. 9% dehiscence in right optical canal، 13. 4% in left optical canal، and 11 % in right carotid canal and 14. 6% in left carotid canal. Middle blade tenacity and sphenoid sinus septum was 22% to optic canal and 20. 7% to right carotid canal، 14. 6% to optic canal and 13. 4% to left carotid canal. There was a punctual statistic difference between sphenoid ostium from ANS (P=0. 009)، hypophysis gland from sphenoid bottom (P=0. 034) and hypophysis from sphenoid ostium (P=0. 029) in both male and female. Thia distance was in males more than females. Due to punctuality of some distances in both sexes and other obtained results، being aware of these anatomic differences would help us to use endoscope to preregister in Paranasal sinuses’ areas.