Estimation Desirable Scope of Research and Development Intensity in Iran (Critiques on Science and Technology Policies of Fifth Plan)
Abstract:
The aim of this article is to review the quantitative targeting of research and development expenditure in the Fifth Plan Act and executive policies of the science and technology. This article models the explaining and affecting factors of the research and development regarding to the theoretical and experimental studies. The main determinants of R&D expenditure in each economy are as follows: the intellectual property rights system; degree of government efficiency in defining، ensuring and implementing property rights; industrial structure and economy technology-intensiveness; the degree of economic openness and competitiveness; the share of large-scale firms in research and development; methods of R & D expenditure financing and the R& D production structure. The comparative comparison of main influencing factors on the research and development Intensity (RDI) in Iran with OECD RDI shows that the effective national absorption capacity of R& D expenditure in Iran، on average، is less than 20% of OECD corresponding capacity. The evidence shows that the bulk of research and development in Iran is financed by the government research credits. Naturally، we expect that effectiveness of R&D expenditure would be negligible، since the provided expenditure is not proportional to the national absorption capacity of research and development. According to pathology results، three amendments are proposed to research and development policies of the Fifth Plan in order to increase the efficiency and the productivity of R&D expenditure. The first major amendment is that the targeting of effective research and development expenditure of gross national product reach to 1. 5 % in the end of the plan. Also، a fundamental attitude change towards research credits with focus on firms and non-governmental sector is essential for efficacy of consumed resources. The second proposal emphasizes on the software research and development policies. The Iranian research system focuses on hardware components and quantitative indicators، for example، budget، organization and the first-level R&D hardware products i. e.، scholar papers. It is recommended that the software components of R &D including the property rights system، the national innovation system، the national learning system، motivation and reward system، efficacy evaluation، the research market، and interactive relationship of the research and development with economic competitiveness components are included in development plans. The third proposal is to develop the statistics and information system of R & D in Iran.
Language:
Persian
Published:
The Economic Reseach, Volume:13 Issue: 4, 2014
Pages:
147 to 175
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