Exploring the Traits and Behaviors of Spiritual Leaders by Using Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Systems

In last decade، with the entry of spirituality in organizational and management research، Spirituality leadership، also، has attracted a considerable amount of attention. In this study، with a developmental approach and after using experts'' opinions and literature for identifying leaders'' spiritual traits and behaviors، we aim to model them using adaptive neural-fuzzy inference systems. Empirical data collected from some public agencies show that leader''s self-awareness، altruism، virtue، spiritual intelligence and employee empowerment، and a lower level of visioning، role modeling and fairness behavior، can increase leadership effectiveness. Citizen participation، only in particular situations، can be a proper instrument for gaining leadership effectiveness.