An Study of the Clinky Ware Composition in the Hamadan Region Applying PIXE, XRF and XRD Aiming to Show the Similarities and Diversities

In this research, 16 pieces of Parthian “Clinky ware” from western borders of modern Iran using PIXE, XRF and XRD spectroscopic methods were analyzed. These samples are from 8 Parthian sites in modern Hamadan region which is one the main zones of Clinky ware production area in East Central Zagros. Based on given methods the Chemical Analyses have revealed some considerable results on the composition, firing technique and degree of the kiln of this kind of pottery. Three chemical compositions, CaO, SiO and Al2O3, have proved the use of lime particles, which is similar to the geological structure of the area (Sanandaj-Shirjan and Central Iran) leading to suggest the local production of Clinky ware. The existence of CaO is the definite evidence of Calcite (CaCO3); regarding to the refraction degree for this element which is in between 600-1000 centigrade heat, it is now evident that the Clinky Ware kilns were used with similar heat. Regarding to oxidization and Vestite (FeO), Magnetic and Anorthite Compositions such as Hematite (Fe2O3); enlivening conditions shows the essentiality of oxidation and revival processes in firing process of the Parthian Clinky ware.