Role of Legal Geo-Sciences in the Investigation of Crime and Law Enforcement

Context and establishment of security and its preservation was one of the main challenges of mankind through history. Security is prerequisite of having a healthy and developed society with extensive presence people. Happening of crime is among causes of decrease of security. Legal science uses one of the scientific ways of analyzing witnesses and evidences of crime scene to solve security and detective problems, and includes scientific evidences which prove the happening of the crime. So in the form of legal geo-sciences (geomorphology, distant examination, GIS, geology, environment, etc.) by use of developed geo-science techniques, discovery, and legal investigation, of crimes can be done before its investigation by court. Purpose of this study is to analyze different applied aspects of legal geo-sciences, their development in the passage of the time, and also to introduce new ways to investigate crime-issuing areas. Current study by the use of document-based and descriptive methods and by the help of library based references such as scientific essays and related books tries to explain the importance of using such evidences in discovery of truth in criminal cases. Because of limits in time and financial sources, before any responses from police forces, crime issuing areas can be found according to environmental features of target. So by using large scale structure, role and usage of GIS, distant examination, and geomorphology in legal investigations and also assessment and decrease of crimes will be analyzed. By using experts of geo-sciences in legal investigations, Iran's police force can develop the quality of their legal investigations in their organization. Cooperation of experts of different sciences in these investigations develops science and makes new interdisciplinary tendencies in country.