) Incidence and outbreak of soil born disease (Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis) in a large dairy in western of Tehran; The first report from Iran

Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis (CP) is the causative agent of soil born disease (SBD). This agent has two types of toxin called CWLT and PLD which gives CP to be able to inter in phagocyte and distributes with it in the host body and damages the membrane of lymph or blood capillaries, erythrocyte and specially subcutaneous tissues and lymph nodes. CP polluted soil is distributed by wind and stabilizes on trauma and or insect damaged skin and then localizes in related subcutaneous tissues and cause necrosis and abscess formation in lymph and/or blood originated texture. In cattle CP can occasionally localize in gastrointestinal damaged mucosa and lung damaged structure and induces necrosis and abscess formation in related GI submucosal and lung tissues. From 8 June to 22 Sept. 2013 SBD affected 8.8% of 2000 dairy cattle. 67% of the affected animals were culled and the others were treated by penicillin and oxytetracycline, those apparently got rid of the disease. In this outbreak the percentage of affection in first to fifth pregnancy were 42.3, 20, 7.3, 12 and 5 respectively. SBD affected even a 6 Mold heifer. In this herd carpal joints were affected much more than tarsal ones and as a cellulitis did distend to regional lymph node. Clinically engaged joints were ulcerative, inflamed and painful and engaged lymph nodes which became an enlarged abscess. Histopathologic findings were invasion of lymph and/or blood capillaries and their complications, formation of caseinated masses which later on became obsess. In this outbreak CP was identified and the CAMP test of the isolated bacteria was positive. Considering the fallowing information: SBD is a zoonosis, difficulty to treat, SBD being endemic for more than 5M; therefore authors of this article deeply believe that till achieving a capable vaccine against cow’s SBD, all affected cattle should be. ..