Unity of Existence in the Poems of  Ummān Sāmāni with a Glance on Views of Shams Tabrizi and Rumi

Unity of existence is one of the basic concepts in Islamic mysticism. Other concepts in Islamic mysticism appear to be less important than this theory، so that those concepts are assumed to be aimed at progress of the notion of unity of existence. The current article sought to categorize Ammān Sāmāni’s views about unity of existence. Each division of this category is compared with views of such mystics as Shams al-Din Mohammad Tabrizi and Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi. Meantime، the study presents a detailed analysis of Ammān Sāmāni’s views as classified in four sections: unity of lover and beloved، spiritual unity of awliya، unity of awliya and God (Fannā Fi Allāh or Annihilation in God)، spiritual unity of awliya along the time. Beside Examining and categorizing ‘Ummān Samāni’s ideas about unity of existence، this research attempts to discover source of these theories as found in Hadiths and traditions. Some examples of the effect of this theory are also presented.