The effect of gamma and Proline radiations on Callus germination and growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The current experiment explored the impact of a pretreatment with gamma and proline radiations on the improvement of germination in rice var. tarom (Iranian local rice variety). Fully matured and perfect seeds were irradiated with 3 doses of gamma radiation (0, 20, 100 Gy). For callus induction and germination, the surface of treatment and control seeds were first sterilized and then cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 doses of proline (0, 5, 10 mM). After 4 weeks, the weight and length of control and treatment calluses were measured. The results of analyses indicated that pretreatment with gamma and proline radiations significantly increases callus growth in comparison to the control sample. The growth percentage in treatment samples significantly differed with the control sample. Additionally, the maximum callus diagonal was observed in proline (10 mM) and gamma (20 Gy) treatments, while it was the minimum in the control sample. The maximum amount of callus wet weight was observed in proline (0 mM) and gamma (100Gy) treatments, whereas the control sample demonstrated the lowest amount of callus weight. The best and most appropriate treatments for quality growth and callus induction in rice were related to proline (10 mM) and gamma (20 Gy) treatments.