The six functions of language the didactic literature relying on the one of the Odes of Sanaee

Sanai is the founder of didactic literature and considered to be the pioneer. Most of his odes are full of didactic and philosophical concepts. Thereforelike his didactic poems they، areinterwoven with moral and religious teachings. The present research paper aims to analysis and study the six function of the language in expressing meaning. The pattern ofJacobson، the contemporary linguists in didactic literature، and one of Sanai’s odes that is full of didactic and moral teachings has been analyzed. Therefore the effect of these functions in expressing didactic teachings has been investigated. Jacobson in applying the theory of communication use six commutativecomponentsincluding1- message (literary work) 2- the message sender (author and poet) 3- message receiver (reader - the reader) 4- Code (rules and norms of language) 5- Fields contact (social and cultural situations) 6-channel of communication calls (words or sounds). Accordingly، in didactic literature generally and the odes under investigation specifically، the third component; namely، reader considered the axis point of communication and among six function of the language (conative، emotive، poetic، phatic،metalinguistic and referential) conative role as a vertical and main role and others as instrumental and subsidiary role. This fact shows the mastery and awareness of poet in the art of oratory techniques and criteria of rhetoric in the Persian language.