Study of the function and alteration of plants root in the Oil-contaminated Soils

Interaction between soil and its effect on plant roots is the key factor in success of a plant species in tolerance and remediation of hydrocarbon pollutant. The root exudates are the link between plants and microbes that leads to the rhizosphere effects. The result of this interaction results is degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Aim of the current study was consideration of growth، changes and reaction of the plants root in the oil-contaminated soils. The effect of oil-contaminated soils on root length، protein concentration، rhizosphere microbial population and damaged of the root tissues in the anatomical studies on Zea mays، Helianthus annus and Avena sativa were investigated. As a result Z. mays and A. sativa roots length significantly decreased in contaminated condition while H. annus root length increased in contaminated soils. In all of the plants roots protein concentration was higher in compared with uncontaminated plants. The anaerobic microbial population in the contaminated soil increased in the presence of H. annus and Z. mays root system whereas A. sativa caused enhancement of the aerobic microbial population in rhizosphere. Anatomical studies were indicative vulnerability and rupture of the root parenchyma tissue in the contaminated Z. mays.