In vitro evaluation of 4H-chromene 3-carbonitrile derivative's biological effects on T47D human breast cancer cell line

Aim and Cancer is an important issue in modern medicine and it is the most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and is about the cause of 1.5% of the deaths. Chemotherapy drugs, which from one side are used for prevention of uncontrolled proliferation of cells in certain tissues of body and from the other side, are used to induce apoptosis in tumor cells are important candidates for the treatment of cancer. The used synthesized compounds were derivatives of 4H-chromene 3-carbonitrile which were effective on cancerous cells resistant to the other drugs such as Paclitaxel. With respect to their ability in induction of apoptosis these compounds could be used as the therapeutic agents against cancer. Thus, the growth inhibitory activities and inducing apoptosis of synthesized 4H-chromene 3-carbonitrile were determined. Cytotoxicity effect of the synthesized4H-chromene3-carbonitrile compounds was determined against T47D breast cancer cell line using an in vitro cell culture system (MTT assay). Finally, to assess apoptosis induction of these compounds, staining methods with Acridine orange-Ethidium bromide and Hokhest staining by fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation by diphenylamine method were used. The results showed that the synthesized compounds, contained two NH2 chemical groups or OH group on their benzene rings, had better cytotoxicity effect and the effect of induction of apoptosis was studied with the best compound. The cytotoxicity effect of the synthesized 4H-chromene 3-carbonitrile compounds was changed by replacement of NO2 chemical group on thiol ring with different chemical groups on the benzene ring. Therefore, the synthesized compound contained two NH2 chemical groups, had stronger cytotoxicity effect and was used to study the effect of inducing apoptosis that showed good results.