Passive in Kalhori Kurdish: A Typological Perspective

The few studies dealt with passive in Kalhori Kurdish so far, treated only the morphological type. It is possible to identify, with the application of Keenan and Dryer scheme (1985), other types of passive such as basic passive and passive of intransitive verbs. According to the available data, there is no non-basic passive in this particular dialect. In simple verbs, the agreement marker of tense, person and passive is normally on the verb. But in the case of compound verbs there are two alternatives: in simple and progressive present, the agreement marker is on the verb, and in simple and progressive past as well as present perfect, the passive morphology is on the verbal element and the agreement marker is on the nominal element.