Design and Construction of Specific Chloroplast Vectors for Rice Plants Containing Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (badh) and Flavodoxin (fld) Genes for Resistance to Abiotic Stress

Abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity are the first factor of YIELD decrease in the world. In this study، betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (badh) is used as both an abiotic stress marker gene and one of the abiotic stress tolerance candidate genes along with Flavodoxin (fld) in construction of chloroplast vector for rice. Thereby، adding the appropriate enzyme role to let gene cassette enter to the center. The first two parts of a specific target areaof Plastom rice (FR) the rice genome using PCR that they can be re-attached in cloning. Then، the gene cassetes were designed for fld and badh genes in regulatory regions of the chloroplast. So that the fld genes and with rbcl 5''UTR and badh genes with T7gene10 5''UTR were cloned the strong chloroplastsic promoter Prrn and the terminator rbcl 3''UTR. Finally، The complete two-gene cassettes fld/badh with the regulatory regions is separated from targeting chloroplast metabolism of rice in two sides cloned. The two specific chloroplast vector called pFrFB (-) and pFrFB (+) are potential to be attached to gene that are resistant to drought and salinity targeted with two different orientations relative to the inner regions of the chloroplast genome of rice plants and are able to be the goal of creating high resistance to salinity، drought and chill in transferring genes to use the chloroplast of rice plant via gene gun.