An Investigation into Narration Focus and Its Relationship with the Stream of Consciousness in the Novel Del-e Deldadegi

Focalization refers to a perspective that has been formed within the narration. Since it can be temporal, spatial, psychological or ideological, the characters and story events are observed and evaluated. In Del-e Deldadegi, too, focalization is of paramount importance among other elements that make the story. As a realist and modern writer, Mandanipour gets the voices of various characters in the story to the ears of the readers instead of only a monologue narration. In this novel, the omniscient narrator turns to the streams of consciousness of the main characters in the story, and expresses the emotions and beliefs, and describes the numerous places and time periods in the story by internal and external focalization. From the point of view of Genette, focalization has a direct relationship with the character's stream of consciousness. This article investigates the narration focus in the novel Del-e Deldagi based on the theory of Genette, and its relationship with the stream of consciousness.