Fruit and vegetable intake and colorectal cancer: A review on the current evidence

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world and one of fifth most common cancers in Iran. Sedentary lifestyle and a diet rich in fat and meat, and poor in cereals, fiber, fruit and vegetable are suggested to increase the incidence of CRC. The aim of this study is to review available studies on fruits, vegetables and colorectal cancer We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases with keywords Rectal cancer, Colon Cancer, Colorectal cancer, cohort study, Randomized Trial, Fruit, Vegetable. Finally 60 studies were included in this review. The risk of colon cancer in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption has been reported in epidemiologic studies. Results of studies on the effect of fruit and vegetables and adenomatous polyps are inconsistent.In cohort studies, the weaker relationship between consumption of fruits, vegetables and risk of CRC compared to the case – control studies was observed. Components or specific subgroups of fruits and vegetables are associated with CRC risk. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables does not reduce colorectal cancer risk, but low consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with increased risk of CRC. Consuming fruits and vegetables have favorable effects on health and reduced risk of other chronic diseases and their recommended daily intake.