Formulating Indicators of Academic Entrepreneurship in Higher Agricultural Education

In spite of the importance of academic entrepreneurship، universities and higher education institutions lack accurate information and measures to monitor and evaluate activities of academic entrepreneurship. Indicators of academic entrepreneurship could be used as units of strategic information for planning entrepreneurial university development. Thus، this research aimed to identify and validate a set of representative indicators of academic entrepreneurship in higher agricultural education. To that end، the Delphi technique was designed to be developed in three rounds. Finally، using AHP and TOPSIS، the five categories of indicators of academic entrepreneurship was ranked، including: (1) investment in academic entrepreneurship (9 indicators)، (2) total activities of academic entrepreneurship (10 indicators)، (3) performance of academic entrepreneurship (19 indicators)، (4) productivity of academic entrepreneurship (9 indicators)، and (5) impacts of academic entrepreneurship (16 indicators).