Identifying the Aesthetic Patterns of Vernacular Landscape in Guilan Province Based on Rural ‎Landscape Analysis (Case Study: Paschapar Village, Guilan, Iran)‎

The vernacular architecture of Guilan Province، Iran، is formed based on maximum correspondence with local climate and facilities. Rural landscape in this province includes structural models that have been long shaped mainly due to the climate، culture، and functional requirements of rural communities. Its residents have a special relationship with nature، which is evident in their architecture، culture، custom، and landscape. Guilan landscape is actually the mental creation of its people. Their mind has its particular aesthetic standards in addition to its own specific climate as well as historical and cultural records. Lack of adequate knowledge on vernacular architecture and its consequent valuable landscape may cause landscape deterioration along with dissociation of memories. Other than weakening identity، it may lead to unfortunate outcomes as sense of belonging and responsibility for the environment is ruined. Having access to the valuable models of this landscape requires the recognition and review of its powerful samples. However، the landscape has not been analyzed and its aesthetic models have not been discovered either. Landscapes of old villages are outstanding examples in which we can find a quite tangible union، because their original nuclei have been formed through complete consideration of the surrounding natural base. Besides natural landscapes of the village، anatomical factors، such as topography، as well as non-anatomical ones including odor، light، and sound are considered. If we extract the morphology of rural landscape and understand its formation process and constructive elements، we can use it for promoting the cultural context and making decision on the factors influencing urban landscape. This research involves both library and field studies. In library studies، by consulting the available scientific sources، desirable indices for evaluating the research scope were extracted. Moreover، through historical review of rural landscapes in Guilan and research backgrounds in this connection، we have studied its culture and custom as well as its people’s treatment model towards nature in the formation of vernacular landscape. Then، by means of objective observations، objective landscape of Paschapar Village، classification of observations، and their adaptation to the extracted indices، anatomical models along with proper applications for each one were classified in applicable tables as research results. Findings indicate that the objective landscape of the studied village in Guilan، with respect to aesthetics، originates from its people’s mentality and attitude towards nature. In this attitude، combination of the residential area and internal changes in its elements has a strong relationship with nature، following its gradual development patterns. Objective landscape of the village illustrates the domination of the surrounding natural base over its produced anatomical elements. The design observed in this village follows a general principle، that is، existence of a high visual relationship between its different spaces. Nearly all landscapes of the village، enjoying various anatomical elements and spatial sense on their own، have also two main elements of natural foreground and background. These landscapes، in spite of their definite thoughtful design principles، may appear intact. Observers، during their presence and movements into its space، find themselves amongst the village and nature together.