A Study of Mulla Sadra's Responses to Shaikh al-Ishraq Criticism on the Theory of " Primacy of Existence"

The Mulla Sadra’s ontological system and all his innovations in this field is based on the theory of the “primacy of existence” and “non-primacy of quiddity”. The accuracy and validity of this theory depends on the soundness of his arguments for primacy of existence and his responses to the criticism and related doubts. Through an analytic approach، this article addresses Sadra’s responses to the Shaikh al-Ishraq’s criticism on this issue. The article shows that Mulla Sadra’s responses to Shaikh al-Ishraq’s criticism are not successful.