Political Sovereignty in the School of Separationism (Itizal) Emphasizing the thought of Qazi Abd al-Jabbar

The present paper tries to review the basic components of political sovereignty from the viewpoint of the school of Separationism based on Qazi Abd al-Jabbar's point of view. Therefore, it's been tried, using an analytic-descriptive approach to the data collected by library method, to look at the roots of the thought of political sovereignty and to present the view of the school of Separationism, in spite of the different interpretations in this school, to government and the position of the ruler. Besides, the issue of the necessary features of the ruler and its principles and also the issue of inerrancy in the thought of Separationism are dealt with. The plan of separating higher and lower Imamate and the inclination of Mutazilites of Baghdad to the necessity of higher Imamate is one of the leaps of thought in the schools in Separationism among Sunnis. In the idea of Separationism, the way to access Imam takes sample from the method of selection, and since there is the possibility of error in the behavior of the ruler of the society, some conditions for enjoining the good and forbidding the evil in proportion to its levels are explained in intellectual system of Mutazilites. The results of recognizing the ideas of Mutazilites play a role in explaining the components and features of sovereignty in the critical analysis of the degree of loyalty of this movement to the slogan of rationality and the importance of this issue is clear regarding the idea of the dominance of this thought in the early centuries of the history of the Islamic thought and the different kinds of reactions to the method and approach of Separationism.