Investigation on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) affected by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid in in-vitro conditions

Salicylic acid (SA) and Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as phytohormone regulate synthesis of secondary metabolites in a wide range of plant species thereby accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme (PAL) and accelerate of oxygen free radicals، protein kinas and NO production. The present research designed to evaluate effect of SA and MeJA elicitation on accumulation of phenolic compounds، flavonoids and PAL enzyme activity. Result showed that، when elicitors applied to cell culture، phenol and flavonoids significantly increased and an increase in PAL activation was observed. Application of MeJA at 100µM and SA at 200µM had most effectiveness on production of phenyl propanoides compounds. The maximum production of measured secondary metabolites was observed in samples in which were treated with 50 µM SA+ 50 µM MeJA as well as 100 µM SA + 50 µM MeJA. A positive correlation between PAL enzyme activity and phenolic compounds accumulation leads PAL may be the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in artichoke. Based on the obtained results in which indicated that PAL as the first and most important enzyme in poly phenolic compounds production، influenced by executed treatments. Optimization the elicitor concentrations could lead to desirable secondary metabolite production of artichoke in in-vitro conditions.