Performance of External Refrigeration Cycles in Hydrogen Liquefaction Process

Hydrogen gas is a clean and renewable fuel that can be a substitution for conventional fossil fuels، but hydrogen gas has a very low density، which limits the transportation، storage، and usage of it as a fuel. Liquefaction of hydrogen is one of the best methods for densifying hydrogen and reducing the obstacles of its application as a fuel. The use of helium refrigeration cycles in the hydrogen liquefaction process is a suitable and innovative method to improve the production capacity and reduce the energy consumption of current hydrogen liquefaction plants. In this study، a brief discussion about hydrogen liquefaction process is present، hydrogen liquefaction cycles based on helium refrigeration are reviewed، and advantages and disadvantages of them are considered.