Evaluation of the relationship between Periodontal disease and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in pregnant women referred to selected public health centers of Mashhad in 2011

Diabetes is the most common medical complication in pregnancy. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines among women with gestational diabetes is suggestive of inflammation and infection as one of the etiologies of gestational diabetes. These cytokines can enter from periodontal tissues into the mother's bloodstream and severely stimulate maternal systemic inflammatory response. Various risk factors have been mentioned for gestational diabetes, but just a few studies have assessed the relationship between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. this historical cohort study was conducted on 91 women affected to periodontal disease (case group) and 186 healthy women (control group) referred to selected health-care centers of Mashhad in 2014. Data gathering method included questionnaire, observation checklist, dental probe for assessment of periodontal patients and spectrophotometry for determination of blood sugar. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16), t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Logistic regression. Affecting to periodontal disease was related to gestational diabetes (P<0.05). Affecting risk ratio to diabetes in women with periodontal disease was 5.7 times more than people without periodontal disease. Affecting to periodontal disease (disseminated chronic priodontitis) can be a risk factor for affecting to gestational diabetes.