First step in chronic dialysis is establishing a suitable dialysis access. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has been known as the gold standard for hemodialysis; and due to complex interaction of factors that affect the survival time of fistula, we decided to evaluate survival time and affective factors among the dialysis patients. In a historical cohort study, we analyzed 52 patients of the Semnan and Mahdishahr Dialysis Centers. The data recorded by history taking and physical examination. The survival of fistula was 83%, 80%, 67%, and 40% after 1, 3, 5, and 10 years respectively. Our results showed that the survival time of fistula was higher among patients with left-side AVFs. Factors such as age, gender, underlying disease, dialysis session per week, the time that patients started dialysis after installing fistula and fistula infection did not statistical significant affect the survival time. The survival time of AVF among dialysis patients of Semnan and Mahdishahr is satisfying, and installing the fistula in left hand lead to higher survival.