A Historical Review of How the term, millah (religion), Semantically Evolved from a Religious Understanding to a Modernized Comprehension in the Iranian Constitutional Movement
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Abstract:
This paper studies the semantic evolution of the term, millah (religion), the time when Iranians were familiarized with modernity. In the traditional literature, millahmeans religion, but when Iranians became familiar with modernity, it was replaced withnation, meaning the originality of the rightful self-conscious individuals’ will, which was basically a non/anti-religious concept. The current paper demonstrates three major reasons for this replacement: first, the socio-political torrents of the mid-Qajar era that caused the term to be applied to the religious scholars and their followers besides the religion itself; this application was an important step towards the modern individualistic use of the term; second, the idea of a group of early intellectuals that if modern concepts had been conveyed in the form of the publicly-held religious and traditional terms, they would have been welcomed easier, so modernity would have spread faster. Therefore, the term, millah, was reiterated consciously because it was familiar for the Iranians then; and finally, the participation of a huge number of Iranian elites in the Ottoman Empire in which its national system was developing to Ottoman nation, Islamic nation, Turan nation and Turkik nation. The conceptual literature and verbal style of Ottoman elites in the period of tanzimat(reorganization) was penetrated to the public atmosphere of Iran. To do this research, we have relied on the documents, historical texts, poems, fatwas, and treatises of the mid-Qajar period.
Language:
Persian
Published:
The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, Volume:1 Issue: 4, 2014
Page:
26
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