Biophysical Effects of Shock Waves on the Environment;a Case Study of a Hand Grenade Incident

Trauma caused by the blast wave is one of the basic issues in military medicine. Daily reports of killed and wounded military personnel and civilians in war zones، terrorist bombings and explosive remnants of war indicate the importance of this topic. Due to the complexity of this phenomenon، there is little understanding of how the blast wave influences its surroundings، despite its importance. The effects of an explosion are contingent upon various factors، such as: type، weight and shape of the explosive، target distance from the explosion center، geometry، nature and distribution of the target، physical environment of wave propagation and number of obstacles from the center of the explosion to the target. In this research، with the study of analytical equations of the phenomenon of blast، pressure and impulse of a blast wave were discussed. The diagram of the time - pressure wave propagation of a hand grenade with the charge equivalent to 170 grams of TNT has been shown using ANSYS software. According to lung threshold trauma، the probability of human injury at different distances depending on the severity of the explosion has been presented. Assessment of the extent of primary and secondary injury (which may appear in the next few days)، clinical effectiveness، enhancing protection equipment and risk analysis of important places under the blast wave require adequate and accurate understanding of this phenomenon effects on its surroundings. In this study، considering factors: the amount of force to the target and the duration of force application، the possibility of anatomical and structural damage was predicted.