Ontological Studying of Good and Evil and Moral Statements from the View Point of Scholar Isfahani and Allameh Tabatabai

One of the most fundamental issues that have been on the focus of the scientists of the sciences of theology and ethics for a long time and it has also been a theme for topics such as rightness of the obligation, evil nature of the cruelty and sin, divine justice, punishing without explaining, ugliness of imposing on man what is beyond his power and the rule of the correlation between reason and religion, etc. is the question of good and evil and the involved statements such as “justice is good and oppression is evil”. In the modern era, scholar Isfahani in relation to the issues such as convention, courage to dare on the lord and… in the principles of the jurisprudence has claimed that the good and evil and moral propositions are fictitious, and following him, Allameh Tabatabai has developed and explained the theory fictions in a coherent way in philosophy and philosophy of ethics. Basically, it can be argued about good and evil and moral statements in three types: the concept of the meaning, epistemology, ontology and there are questions in three areas that this article attempts to state their ontology from the view point these two scholars and their different approaches to prove their fiction. The Scholar Isfahani citing to the words of Avicenna and other philosophers has included those propositions among conventional ones that have no reality except the consensus of rational men and his statements consists with the two realistic and unrealistic approaches, but Allameh Tabatabai has considered them fictions with a realistic approach.