Critical Discourse Analysis of Naqshbandyyeh in Jāmi's Sonnets based on Norman Faircolough's and Michael Halliday's Linguistic Theories

Teymourid’s era was one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism. The most significant feature which differentiates this period from other eras is “its movement towards political power” which has been reflected in the relation of the kings to the sheikhs of Naqshbandyyeh، the most influential mystic sect. The present study is an attempt to analyze the position of Sufism of Naqshbandyyeh in Jami’s sonnets discourse using Norman Fairclough’s CDA and Michael Halliday’s functionalism. In Jami’s triple collection of poems، various discourses in the form of sonnet could be observed among which nasehaneh (advisable)، qalandarāneh and Mahdi (Eulogic) sonnet discourses are the most important grounds in which Naghshbandieh’s ideologies are reflected. Among multi-dimensional principles of Naqshbandieh، khalvat dar anjoman (Solitude among the community) and safar andar vatan (Journey along the country) have been more to the interest of Jāmi. Sonnet discourse analysis، using Fairclough’s method، has been undertaken at 3 levels of description، interpretation، and explanation and ideational meta-function has been adopted from Halliday’s meta-functions. Also، material process، relational process، and naming the discourse interlocutors are the main tools for representing “Naqshbandyyeh’s ideology” by Jāmi.