Bilingualism and Duality of Language in Arabic Poetry during Decadence

Bilingualism and language duality are seen in all the languages of the world and it is a matter of concern for some believe that these two phenomena have gradually reduced the accuracy and consistency of language causing language weakness. Although language duality and bilingualism vary due to place, time, racial, social, political, and cultural situations in society; but, at any level, lead to language weakness and gradually make it far from its high level. Mamluki and Ottoman eras or decadence period in Arabic literature is one of the periods in which Arabic has been mixed with other languages more than any other time. It seems that it is because of non-Arab rulers of this era, especially Turk ones, which is more obvious than other historical periods in Arab literature. It is better to use multilingualism instead of bilingualism in this period because there has been a close relationship and overlap between politicians and literate of that period as well as Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and the language of some other nations which have been in the domain of the Muslim world. This paper tries to bring examples of these two phenomena in the Arabic poetry of this period and analyze the reasons of some of the positive and negative consequences in Arabic poetry.