Effect of silicon and potassium foliar application and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of Iranian rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli

This research was carried out in the farm located in sari with latitude 36/38 and longitude 53/12 and 13/5 meter height above sea level in the year 2013 and 2014. Experiment was carried out as split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice cultivars were chosen as main plots including Tarom Mahalli and Tarom Hashemi. Nitrogen rates, 35 and 70 kg N ha-1 and nitroxin was chosen as sub plot and spraying water, nano silicon, nano– potassium and nano-silicone + nano-potassium were sub subplots. The results showed that the most panicle length (28/77 cm) and the most spikelets per spike (113/80 spikelets) respectively belong to Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli. the most fertile tiller per hill and straw yield (kg ha-1) had obtained respectively with (21.7 and 6129/17 kg ha-1) and the lowest filled spikelet number and harvest index was achieved (91.09 and 42/75%) with consumption of 70 kg of nitrogen per hectare, respectively. nano-silicon lonely spraying results the most grain yield, equal 4746/67 kg ha-1, While the highest harvest index (45/18%) obtained by integrate application of nano-silicon and nano- potassium chelate. without spraying,the least filled spikelet per panicle was achieved (90/53 spikelets), respectively. under twofold interaction effect, The highest maximum spikelets (119/6 spikelets) and filled spikelet number (107/7 spikelets) were obtained with the use of nitroxin in Tarom cultivar. With consumption of 70 kg ha-1of nitrogen and without spraying, the lowest filled spikelet (77/21 clusters) was obtained and by the application of nano-potassium chelate, the highest straw yield and biological yield (respectively 6633 and 11580 kg per hectare) was achieved. The highest harvest index observed with consumption of nitroxin in Tarom mahalli cultivar (46/34%) and also obtain with combined nitroxin and nano-silicon (46/29%), respectively.