Religious-Social Analysis of Anusi of Iran in Qajar Era; a Case Study in Mashhad City

Anusi or Anusim in Ebri is regarded as the plural form of Anus meant “being forced ones” and idiomatically it is attributed to a Judaist person who apparently believes in the other religion like Christianity and particularly Islam through the compulsion or free will, while inwardly he is loyal to his maternal religion. This kind of religious life has been prevalent in time of Musa PBUH and also Khashayar shah among the Judaists of different countries of the world like Spain, Portugal, Eastern Europe, ottoman caliphate not having been reproached by the Judaist community. Moreover, it has been prevalent in the other cities of Iran including Kashan, Isfahan, and Shiraz as the residences of Judaists. Following a review on the life of Anusi in Safavid, Qajar and Pahlavi eras along with the reflection on the phenomena like Annusi’s relationship with the distribution of Babism and Bahai, it has been tried to achieve the social, economic, political, religious, and psychological factors of this approach in the history of Judaists of Iran relying on Allah dad event in Mashhad and to analyze the strategy of this complicated and long-lasting life.