The pattern of antibiotic resistance between the years 1992 to 2013 in children with urinary tract infections admitted to Rasoul-e-Akram and Ali Asghar hospitals

Urinary tract infections are very common diseases in children and E. coli is considered as the main cause of urinary tract infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbial species in urinary tract infection of children between 1370-1391 due to increasing consumption and resistance antimicrobial agents that used commonly. In this study, from 1992 to 2013, all patients with urinary tract infection between 2 month and under 15 years of age were enrolled. The age ranged from 2 months to 15 years with an average of 3.57 3.92 years. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common uropathogen in 253 patients (73.4%), Klebsiella in 57 patients (24.8%) Pseudomonas in 9 patients (2.6%), Proteus in 7 patients (3%), Acinetobacter and Enterobacter each in 1 patient (0.3%) respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (64.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 61.5%). Most of the strains were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin (respective susceptibility rates, 90%, 84.5, and 72%). During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for ampicillin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid (p<0.001). These data suggest that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may no longer be used as empirical treatment for community-acquired UTI. In order to preserve the activity of fluoroquinolones for future years, alternatives such as nitrofurantoin should be considered