The Role of England and East India Company for the Separation of Afghanistan from Iran during Qajar Era

During Qajar era, Afghanistan became the central of attention as a result of reasons such as temporal rebellions, the invasion of rulers of regions i.e. Herat, Qandehar and Kabol to Khorasan and also Qajar king's tendency for restoration of sovereignty on such regions. Internationally, some factors including the domination of England and East India Company on India, England's fear for Dorani Afqan's Attacks and colonial rivalries with Russia and France had a remarkable role in the importance of Afghanistan. England succeeded in provoking Fath Ali Shah against Zaman Shah Dorani by sending ambassadors and signing the treaties. Subsequently, England prevented the alliance of Iran with France and the influence of France by invalid promises for financial and military assistances against Russia troops and restoration of Caucasus region's control. Under Mohammed Shah's kingdom, the fear of Russia's influence on Central Asia and Afghanistan obliged England not only to provoke the rulers of Herat against Iran's government but also to attack Persian Gulf's islands preventing from Iran's conquest in Heart and other regions by utilizing the policy of threat and challenge. During Nasser Al din Shah's period, at first, England imposed the contract of 1269 A.H on Iran and then the separation of Herat by occupation of south of Iran and Paris treaty, which was as a result of incompetence of Iran's authorities.