The Role of Mucosal Defense in Intestinal Injury of Infants With Fetal Growth Retardation

Infants with fetal growth retardation (FGR) are prone to intestinal disorders.
Aim of the study was to determine the role of mucosal defense ability in formation of gut injury in infants with FGR.
44 premature infants who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were divided into two groups: 20 infants with FGR (FGR group) and 24 appropriate-for-gestational age newborns (AGA group). Control group consisted of 22 premature infants who were delivered after uncomplicated pregnancy. Gut barrier function was evaluated by detecting serum intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP). The level of serum IFABP and ITF was measured by using ELISA method.
FGR group showed significantly higher ITF concentration than AGA group on the first days of life (P 0.01). High level of ITF in the FGR group significantly declines up to 7th - 10th day of life (P 0.01). This reduction was accompanied by increase of IFABP which is a marker of ischemic intestinal mucosal injury. Correlation analyses showed that ITF had a negative correlation with IFABP.
Infants with fetal growth retardation are characterized by a high level of ITF on the first days of life. This protects intestinal mucosa under hypoxic conditions. Its subsequent decline accompanied by an increase of IFABP reflects the depletion of Goblet cells to secret ITF causing damage to the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier.