Measurement and analysis of Effecting factors on people's participation in rural management process,With an emphasis on Councils, Case Study: Talesh County (Asalem)

Introduction and Problem Statement: Today, creating local institutions is the representation of the levels of participation and the criterion to measure it in rural areas. Local institutions and community organizations are a mechanism to attract the public participation and collaboration and a context to emerge the people collaboration in the management process of their settlement environment. Participation in rural development management process is not done in a vacuum and must be representative of the institution's decision-making bodies come true. The institutionalization of participation is possible only through institutions and these institutions are considered as a mechanism for integrating public participation in local communities and local people's participation in social life by the organization, is a identity . In fact, these organizations have a role to mediate between the people and the government, the effects of public participation in public life has been defined communities ( Abdullahi et al, 2010: 29). Rural management is multilateral process, which consists of three pillars, people, government and public institutions. In the process with public participation and through of rural organizations, has formulated and implemented the rural development programs and plans and under taken the monitoring and evaluations (Rezvani, 2005: 211). In other words, rural management indeed is process of organizing and conducting the rural society through shaping of organization’s and institutions involved in the management of rural areas. These organizations and institutions is tools to providing goals of rural society and plays an important role in progress of development goals(Roknodin Eftekhari et al, 2008: 8). "Participation in the first step as a means of collecting environmental information to make decisions that will form the core of the concept of sustainable development" is defined (Primmer, 2006,841).By explanation of the participation importance in the rural management and its emergence by the social institutions, Should it be noted that generally rural settlers integrated in participatory institutions and encouragement of their participation in local agencies is explained by influence of structural , institutional , social and economical processes. . Furthermore, the micro-level variables such as personal characteristics and mental account of his part in public participation are effective. (Said i, 2004 : 171 ) and the people in the forms of rural organization explains. In general, the participation is the result of a social interaction. Such a feature, we take it that the social space of the action (participation), we studied and analyzed. Conditions and social space that is unique to the social system and the conditions and space that is unique to the individual. In other words, for a complete and correct understanding of social action must first: identification the factors of the economic- social and cultural external witch impact on the individual action. Second, the factors that is unique to the individual and are important to the individual, examined (external factors and internal factors) (Moghadasi, 2010: 4).Internal factors: One of factor that plays an important role in facilitating and limiting people's participation in local institutions is individual Characteristics. External factors: Other factors, to attracting of the public participation in local institutions in rural areas are structural factors. Empirical evidence from the study area showed a low level of public participation in the field of rural management institutions and people's participation in management institutions in not acceptable. Generally, the purpose of the preparation of this article is to answer these fundamental questions: people's participation in rural management institutions (village council ) What is ? What indicators are related to the Participation ? Which dimension has the greatest impact on people's participation?
This study is a type of applied studies in which descriptive - analytical methods and statistical methods for data analysis have been used. The data collected in this study by using the method of questionnaire and survey. The research population is in 15 villages in Asalem District. Based on measurements of Cochran sampling method , 209 of the peoples were selected as the sample . In this article, data analysis and hypothesis testing methods - descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, correlation coefficient and regression t- test using SPSS software was used.
The results show a correlation between gender and participation is a meaningful relationship. Generally participation is a result of individual social action. Such a feature compel us that social space this action (participation) studied and surveyed. The results of correlation shows that between individual indicators just there is correlation between the gender and participation. According to the Independent Samples Test, Average of participation in women’s is 2.926 and in the men’s is 3.493. The Base on this we can express that there are significant different between average of participation in women’s and men’s. This point can be this reason that in rural communities’ women’s littler toward to men’s involving into rural affair. There is no relationship between the place indicators and participation. Unlike previous studies that there is relation between the economic conditions with participation, this is not true in Asalen and there has not any relationship between economic indicators and the participation. In order to measurement of the participation rate is used to one- sample T- test that indicate average of participation is equal to 3.33 and average measure )test value( is equal with 3, based on this we can say that participation in community sample is located in the avrage level. average participation of each of the villages studied, indicating that klasara and chakharamahale villages to order have highest level of participation with 3.84 and 3.69 and ershadmahale and gharibmahale to order with 2.71 and 2.96 have lowest level of participation. The between individual, place and economic indicators there is correlation only between the gender and participation. the results of regression shows that the greatest impact on forming of the social participation between of the components has the social trust with Beta rate 0.418 and the social gender with -0.219 has the lowest rate. In other hand the social trust has effect on 41.8 % of the variation of the participation.