An investigation on sources, consequences and solutions of dust storm phenomenon in Iran

Dust events are common phenomena in arid and semi-arid areas. The dust storms have harmful impacts on human health. The purpose of this paper is to review recent studies on the nature of dust storms including their main sources areas, frequency, causes, effects and consequences in Iran. At present, 22 provinces of Iran are affected by dust storm phenomenon with different intensities. Someareas in Mesopotamia are the main regions in dust production. In recent years, dust storms occur all year round with the highest frequency at June and July. The main causes of the dust events especially over the western parts of Iran can be atmospheric instability in the deserts of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait, and Syria, successive and intensive droughts along with the lack of vegetation cover. The combination of climate and human activities and their habitation patterns which increase soil degradation, aeolian erosion, desertification and degradation of nutrients required for plants, intensify dust storms. Dust control methods are land management practices, tillage and mechanical operations particularly creation of plant barriers. Also, some short- and long-term policies and strategies are needed to improve the infra-structure facilities and management actions in the vulnerableareas of the country. It can be concluded that the consequences of dust storm is a multi-dimensional issue and comprehensive solution is needed to control and mitigate the unwanted effects of dust storm events in vulnerable areas.