Solving Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch Problem with Optimal Emergency Demand Response Program Considering Spinning Reserve and Valve Point-effect Constraints

Dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) is a multi-objective optimization problem by which the generators power output are scheduled over the whole dispatch period in order to minimize the fuel cost and emission. This multi-objective optimization problem should meet the load demand constraint and some non-linear constraints such as the valve-point loading effect, prohibited operating zones, and spinning reserve requirements. In this paper an integrated model of the DEED problem and the emergency demand response program (EDRP) has been presented. In the integrated model, the fuel cost and emission are minimized and the optimal incentive is determined simultaneously. In EDRP which is one of the incentive-based demand response programs, incentives are paid to the customers to motivate them reduce their consumption during peak hours or shift it to off-peak hours. The proposed model (DEED-EDRP) is a non-linear complicated optimization problem which may not be solved by the conventional methods. So, four different population-based meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to solve the combined problem. The proposed model has been applied on a ten units test system. Results show that the proposed model is so effective in reducing the total cost and emission and improving the load curve characteristics.