Analyzing the Geographical Factors Effective on the Household Livelihood in Rural Settlements

Livelihood assets (human, physical, natural, financial, social) in fact are considered as the determinant of the life base of the living of people in human settlements especially in rural areas. These assets in the form of livelihood approach can be applied as a framework for better understanding and analysis of the role of people in rural areas development. Hence the present study while assessing the livelihood assets in rural areas of Qasrgqand township, has analyzed the effective geographical impacts on it. In this regard, the most important factors affecting the geographical can be named spatial, demographic and economic factors. Research method is the descriptive - analytical and statistical population are rural residents of Qasrgqand township. Number of samples are 329 rural headed households from 23 nominated villages. Data were collected through questionnaires by randomly and were analyzed by statistical methods in software SPSS software environment . In this study, the independent variables are the effective geographical factors and the dependent variable is the household's livelihood. Overall results indicate a low level of livelihood of households in rural areas with an average value of (2.19) and indicate the weakness in infrastructure and assets of livelihood (except social capital). Also according to the results, all the variables of spatial (establishment feature, connecting situation, type of access road, distance from centers of penetrating) are affective on the livelihood of rural People. Among the demographic factors, population size and family size have no relationship with the level of household's livelihood. But ratio of literacy and emigrating during the last 7 years (2006 up to 2013respectively shows a direct relationship and meaningful inverse relationship with the level of household's livelihood. Among the economic factors (average of income, employment rate and ownership average) and level of household's livelihood, there is a positive and meaningful relationship.Among all geographical factors, economic factors with coefficient of 0.425 show the highest effect and spatial factors with coefficient -0.142 the lowest effect on the household livelihood.