The Study of the influence of Physical-Spatial Structure on the Desired Performance of neighborhood (The Case Study: Tabriz Metropolitan)

It is certain that in the past the public skeleton and structure of the city was based on the scale of human and activity, movement and service unit. On this basis, some kind of natural hierarchy and harmony had been developed between the structural and social organization of the city and the foundation of social physical organization of the old cities was based on neighborhood system and the hierarchy of its division which organized both the social and economic relationship of the city and the service, communicative and official relationship of the city. Therefore in the old cities, how to use the land and how to divide and distribute the diverse applications were a function of neighborhood system and functional hierarchy of the cities. Neighborhoods as a unit of city structure were of the important and crucial components of the cities from the past. The role and the function of the neighborhoods helped the settling people to have more social bonds in comparison to today. With the rapid start of urbanization in the third world counties like IRAN from the middle of the twentieth century, the cities experienced a physical disruption in a way that the neighborhood of the cities which was designed on basis of the human scale broke down. Therefore the cities today do not enjoy a coherent physical structure in spite of their historical background and they have experienced heterogeneous tissues in their development process. Of course, nowadays the importance of the neighborhood has decreased in the cities and settlements of the developed societies in comparison to the past, because the social relationships and bonds have been based on the different principles and foundations. But today the pattern of neighbor- centeredness is supported for different reasons such as: (1) Providing the necessary services and facilities for people who suffer the desired mobility. (2) Having access to daily services and facilities through walking and cycling. (3) Strengthening he social sense and consequently enhancing the social participation. (4) Developing and strengthening the place attachment. Scholars like Ebenezer Howard with the theory of Garden City, Clarence Perry with the theory of Neighborhood Surrounding, Clarence Stein and Henry Wright with the design of Rodbern in the early twenty century and in the recent decades the founders of New Urbanism by introducing the TOD and TND pattern, the theory of urban-village and the approach of Neighborhood Based, all of which have been introduced in the form of small scale urban paradigm, are to achieve the neighbor-centered pattern and want to strengthen the social life through physical designing and returning Pedestrian-oriented , diversity and Vitality to the city settling environments. Tabriz as one of the important north-western cities of IRAN has experienced Unprecedented Spread with the changes it has gone under from the beginning the recent century. New parts have been built in this city on the principles of modern urbanism other than the traditional textures which have gone under the changes. Some ghettos have been developed without any plans .This study has been done to evaluate the role of Physical-Spatial Structure in the neighborhood desired performance in the traditional, modern and unplanned textures of Tabriz and to identify the effective variables of physical neighborhood (2014).
The research method has been survey-analysis and the data has been gathered through questionnaire and have been analyzed by using statistical tests and Pearson correlation coefficients. To evaluate the degree of utility of neighborhood performance, the sampling was done by using Cochran Formula. The sample size was 588 people which for each part 196 people were chosen randomly. The measurement tool was a questionnaire with 21 questions which has studied the opinions of the respondents on the Likert five-choice spectrum and for correlation test and regression equation, the SPSS software was used.
Overall, there is a high correlation between the six aspects (scale, pedestrian-oriented, availability, coherence and connectedness, diversity and congestion) of Physical-Spatial Structure and the neighborhood desired performance in the traditional neighborhood in comparison to the modern and unplanned neighborhoods. And the size and the scale of the traditional neighborhoods are in a more stable state than the modern and unplanned neighborhoods. The great number of the dead end lanes and the length of the block building both in size and shape are very diverse, but because of the diversity of the applications and different functions in these neighborhoods has caused more utility. And also because of easy access to different services, the neighborhood utility is more in the traditional neighborhood. But on the basis of the analysis of simultaneous regression (ENTER) the degree of effectiveness of the six aspects of Physical-Spatial Structure in the neighborhood of the three textures is different in the performance utility. B coefficient has the highest effectiveness on the neighborhood performance utility, in the traditional neighborhood, the availability aspect with 0.488, in the modern neighborhood, the congestion aspect with 0.492 and in the unplanned neighborhood, the scale aspect with 0.424.