The Analysis of Legal Status of Transactions (Dealings) with Unlawful Motive (Intent) in Imāmī Fiqh (Jurisprudence) with Comparative Study in the Positive Law of Iran and Egypt

The legal status of transaction with unlawful motive (intent) is one of the issues which the fiqh scholars and legal (law) scholars have constantly put forward arguments. In Imāmī Shī’a jurisprudence, the positive law of Iran and Egypt, it is separated the case which the unlawful motive enters into the spectrum of the agreement of contracting parties from the case which the unlawful motive is merely inner and personal aspect for one the contracting parties and from the case which the other side of the contracting parties has knowledge of it. The present note is dedicated to the third case i.e. where an unlawful intent does not enter to the agreement of the contracting parties but the other side has knowledge. There is disagreement between the fiqh scholars and legal (law) scholars of Iran and Egypt about the legal authority of the latter transaction. The well-known Islamic jurists (Fuqaha) and law Jurists believe that the existence of knowledge does not solely cause the voidance of such transaction. But infamous scholars think the voidance of such transaction. The Civil legislature in article 217 following the well-known Imāmī Shī’a jurists (Fuqaha) accepts the validity of the mentioned transaction. This research with descriptive-analytic method has analyzed the presented opinions which are clarified by the fiqh scholars and legal (law) scholars. This paper with criticizing the opinions of the well-known fiqh scholars and legal (law) scholars has accepted the opinion of the infamous jurists who believe the voidance of the mentioned contract and also believed that it is more stable from the view of the deductive fiqh and law of Iran and it is compatible with social benefits and public order and the philosophy of article 217 of the civil law of Iran and it has suggested the amendment of the mentioned article.