Remote Sensing Analysis of Mineralized Alteration in the Ramand Area (Qazvin Province)

The Ramand area, southwest of Buin- Zahra, about 60 kilometers from Qazvin, lies in the igneous belt of the Urmieh-Dokhtar region, the main structural zone of north-central Iran. Rhyodacite and rhyolite lava flows are the principal host rocks of mineralization and alteration of the area, most of which occurs in faulted and brecciated zones alongmaj or northwest-trending fault systems (such as Kour-Cheshmeh, Hassan Abad and their branches). Clay minerals determined from satellite images indicated principally argillic hydrothermal alteration before laboratory mineralogical analysis. According to instrumental analyses, mineralized alteration with greater amounts of argillic halos and lesser amounts of sericitic-propylitic minerals contains quartz veinlets in the vertical and lateral sections. Initially, alteration in the Ramand area was revealed in ETM images by using the SPCA technique of Crosta and Moore, 1990 (Selective Principle Component Analysis). Compared with other techniques, SPCA results have reliable spectral signatures for identifying argillic minerals and Fe-oxides as the main mineralogical association in hydrothermal environments. Subsequently, multispectral images (ASTER) were analyzed using band ratios.The results indicated silicification alteration along the faulted regions in the Ramand area. Later, areas of silicification alteration were prospected for precious and base metal mineralization.Sampling results suggested that the altered areas have some potential for epithermal mineralization, according to instrumental analyses and micrographic evidence.
1- Collecting satellite images, geological evidence and related documents
2- Image processing to reveal and identify the mineralized alteration.
3- Sampling of the mineralized zones indicated by the remote sensing.
4- Thin- and polished section microscopic studies.
5- X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) (19 samples), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis(ICP- MS)for determining the major and trace elements (4 samples) and 4 samples were analyzed for the gold content by using atomic absorption (AA).
Discussion and Most of the hydrothermal alteration in the Ramand region was mapped by processing the ETM and ASTER satellite images. The Crosta and Moore (1990) technique indicated the facies of alteration, and increased the correlation between altered and mineralized regions.
Evaluating the potential for ore-grade mineralization requires mapping the location and probable zonal location of the quartz veins indicated by band ratios in the ASTER image (Kruse et al., 1993; Honarmand et al., 2012). Our studies showed that volcanic rocks in the Ramand area are intensively altered by hydrothermal processes. The micrographic results confirmed that argillic and silicification alteration occurred within calcitized-oxidized masses. The study has shown that the mineralized region significantly contains quartz veinlets usually surrounded by argillic halos and Fe-oxides as two components of the alteration.
In conclusion, our remotely sensed prognostic mapindicates a strongly altered epithermal system along faulted structures and breccia zonesclearly apparent at the surface (Akbari, et al., 2012).The altered zones probably extend at depth with probable zones enriched in gold and base metals. Considering the zonalpatterns indicated by image processing, besides the ore genesis peculiarities of the epithermal systems (micrographic results), this article introduces reliable data indicating the nature of mineralization in the Ramand area based on analysis of satellite images and mineralogical and chemical analyses of samples which encourage detailed exploration for discovery of orebodies in a deeper prospect.