Optimal PMU Placement for Fault Location Detection in Power Systems Considering Zero-injection Bus and Line Outages

Regarding the vast extension of information technology, communication systems and electronic instrumentation, the employment of phasor measurement units (PMUs) has been proposed for power system observability and wide-area protection. Nevertheless, the construction of communication channels and installation of PMU equipment are highly expensive and require optimizations. In this paper, first the constraints are proposed for the optimal PMU placement problem considering fault state observability of power system in presence of zero bus injection, and afterwards the mathematical formulation is presented. For more realistic modeling of power network, line outages have been considered. Finally, the proposed method is implemented on standard IEEE 9, 14, and 30 bus networks, and the enhanced results are represented.