The Role of North Caspian Sea Pattern (NCP) Teleconnection in Maximum Temperatures Oscillation in Iran

The NCP as one of the effective teleconnection patterns in level of 500 hpa have an important role in thermal and hydro-climatic variability in East Mediterranean region. In this study to investigate the correlation between the NCP and maximum temperature fluctuations Iran for a 60 years period (1950-2010) have been studied. Pearson correlation analysis as the main method used in this study show an inverse relationship between maximum temperatures and selected stations and NCP index. This shows decrease of temperature in positive phase of the NCP and rise of temperature in negative phase. In terms of time correlation coefficients were calculated and showed a significant negative correlation between the temperature of stations and the NCP in months of January, February, March and almost direct relation most stations in August. At monthly interval in the monthly correlation between stations with 0.342 were computed in January. Seasonal correlation of shows a significant correlation of maximum temperatures in winter to be -0.212. In terms of period, the results indicate a strong correlation between cold period in most stations and mentioned index. Atmospheric circulation in 500 hpa at positive and negative phases showed in positive phase, settlement of deep trough on the Caspian Sea, Iraq, Turkey and Iran, and also the location of Iran in the eastern part of the trough axis on the other hand, indicates establishment of a ridge on the North Sea and Europe which leads to transfer of cold temperatures of northern Europe and its adjacence of polar section to Iran. But on the negative phase placement of Iran beneath the ridge axis leads to the creation of a barotropic atmosphere with weak zonal wind and warm temperatures to Iran. So with blowing warm air from Africa, Arabia and low latitude Iran's temperature rises.