Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of Low-Fat Mayonnaise Formulated with a Type of Potato Starch as a Substitute of Egg Yolk

The consumption of mayonnaise has been increasing worldwide and egg yolk is a key ingredient in mayonnaise which along with its positive functional properties may cause some problems due to its high cholesterol content (186-213 mg). Additionally it might lead to the allergic reactions in consumers and induce microbial contamination in the final product. The main object of this research is to replace egg yolk partially with a type of modified potato starch (Octenyl Succinic Anhydride, OSA) and determine its best quality and concentration in reduced-fat mayonnaise formulation from the physico-chemical and microbial aspects.
Mayonnaise samples were prepared by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the weight of egg yolk with OSA starch. Chemical (acidity, pH, fat content), physical (emulsion stability, color) and microbial (total microbial count, mold, yeast, Lactobacillus, E.coli, Staphylococcus aureos and Salmonella) tests have been carried out on all of the samples and the selected sample was analysed for cholesterol content.
The results indicated that by reducing the amount of egg yolk, the pH, fat content, yellowness and microbial contamination of the samples were reduced and those with 25 and 50% substituted- egg yolk, showed the lowest emulsion stability and therefore were eliminated from the rest of the research and cholesterol contents of the other samples were determined.
According to the results, 84.9% and 1.78% reductions in cholesterol and fat contents were obtained, respectively, by replacing 75% of egg yolk with OSA as compared to the control. Therefore the mentioned sample has been chosen as the best formulation for low fat/low cholesterol mayonnaise.