Response of growth criteria, yield and physiologic efficiency and nitrogen appear recovery of flint corn to Simultaneous cropping of legumes and different levels of urea

Sustainable agriculture is a compilation of knowledge that can be long-term management of biological, environmental and economic value of a good cause. One of the ways to move towards sustainable agriculture, use a mixture of different species of plants in agriculture. In many parts of the world mixcropping as part of the management of agricultural ecosystems accepted and Has certain advantages in terms of the degree of variability in time and space. Intercropping can be effective as an important factor in sustainable agriculture and according to the different needs of the species in the mix, so the output will be less competition. Research has shown that the superiority of mixed agriculture due to more complete use of growing resources. The aim of this study, was to investigate of growth criteria, yield and physiologic efficiency and nitrogen appear recovery of flint corn to simultaneous cropping of legumes and different levels of urea levels.
This study was carried out at field of agricultural research center of Markazi province during growing season of 2012-2013. A factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Nitrogen manure levels [N0= without urea (Control), N1= 75 kg ha-1 of urea, N2= 150 kgha-1 of urea, N3= 225 kg ha-1 of urea) and Simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= Cultivation of corn, S2= Cultivation of corn chickpea, S3= Cultivation of corn cowpea, S4= Cultivation of corn mung bean) were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 4 rows, 6 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 20 cm between plants on the rows and S.C 704 hybrid was used. In this study characteristics such as: height of ear, nitrogen physiological efficiency of corn, dry weight of cob and husk, number of branches per legumes, number of grain per legumes, harvest index of corn, forage weight of corn legumes, nitrogen appear recovery of corn and grain yield were assessed.
Results indicated that the effect of different levels of urea was significant on the characteristics such as: height of ear, nitrogen physiological efficiency of corn, dry weight of cob and husk, number of branches per legumes, number of grain per legumes, harvest index of corn, forage weight of corn legumes, nitrogen appear recovery of corn and grain yield. The maximum and minimum nitrogen physiological efficiencies (22.75 and 4.38 %) were obtained in 225 kg ha-1 urea corn and 75 kg ha-1 urea corn treatments, respectively. The maximum and minimum grain yield (8.1 and 4.5 ton ha-1) were obtained with the (225 kg ha-1 urea corn) and (without urea Cultivation of corn mung bean) treatments, too.
Therefore, the application of integrated plant nutrition can increase nutrient use efficiency and producing products with greater quality and quantity. Also, by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and leaching by reducing the amount of the tremendous waste, reduce environmental pollution of surface water and groundwater. As a result, production continuity and sustainability of agriculture and natural ecosystems will be very important.