Effects of Nano-biphasic Calcium Phosphate Composite on Bioactivity and Osteoblast Cell Behavior in Tissue Engineering Applications

In this paper, preparation, bioactivity, and osteoblast cell behavior of cortical bone derived nanobiphasic calcium phosphate (nano-BCP) are presented. The calcined bovine bone samples with the addition of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate were heated at 700°C for 100 min, and thus nano-BCP with the composition of 63/37 hydroxyapatite (HA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was produced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of immersed samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution showed that a uniform layer was formed on the surface after 7 days with the chemical composition of HA. The results indicated that the nano-BCP sample developed excellent bioactivity after 28 days. The nano-BCP samples showed better cell proliferation compared to pure HA samples. After 7 days in cell culture, the prepared nano-BCP (HA/β-TCP) exhibited the maximum proliferation of the MG-63 osteoblast cells.