Application of fuzzy model in land use planning for urban development with the aim of natural ecosystems protection (Case study: Bakhtegan Protected area)

Introduction With the rise of population, the preserved areas have been destroyed by humans. Bakhtegan Lake and the National park and preserved area around it as part of Neyriz Pond are no exceptions and are facing a host of hazards. The presence of humans and their activities is the most significant type of invasion and hazard in preserved areas since their presence simultaneously with urbanization has led to invasion of preserved areas. Urbanization is a dynamic and complex process with many entities involved each of which has different behavioral patterns that include the physical, social and economic factors. Given the complexity and haphazard fast-paced development in cities, using models in city planning is considered inevitable. This necessitates assessment of ecologic potencies of the territory prior to land intervention, to be used as a basis together with economic and social needs to determine appropriate expansion method.
Methodology According to research purposes, data and information layers slope,distance from the city, distance from the village, elevation, distance from the river,geology, soil, distance from the road and land use were assigned as effective parameters to physical development. After providing information’s mentioned above and determining kind of their relation with the physical development membership function for each of the parameters. After applying membership function to layers in Arc GIS software, all layers have values between zeros to one, then layers entered to fuzzy model. To perform fuzzy technique, it is necessary to use operators as ::::::union::::::, Subscription, Gama, algebraic multiplication and sum. In this research Gama, algebraic multiplication and sum is used.
Discussion Neyriz City is located south of Bakhtegan preserved area, it is an area significant for environmental and biological aspects. But today, with the rise of economic and agricultural activities together with the growth in population we have witnessed drying of ponds and turning them into agricultural and residential areas while the ecosystem is becoming similar to that of a desert. First algebraic sum and multiplication operators applied to the layers which amount of membership is determined, then to find the final map of physical development and to adjust prepared maps according to algebraic sum and multiplication are used Gama 0.9, Gama0.8 and Gama 0.7 operators. Gama 0.9 Map has had the highest correlation with the primary info layers, therefore Gama 0.9 Map chose as the final map of physical development which is classified in to five levels according to natural break method.
Conclusion Most area of the region is related to the zones with very low Proportion of the physical development which has 765685 square kilometers area and smallest area is related to zones with very high Proportion of the physical development which has 107697.5 square kilometers. According to the importance of environmental resources in maintaining natural ecosystems, retaining these resources is essential. Thus in light of the fact that fuzzy logic is a scientific instrument for the dynamic simulation of a system without the need for lengthy mathematical descriptions by quantitative and qualitative data, this study uses fuzzy logic of appropriate and inappropriate aspects regarding environmental and natural factors to prevent an environmental catastrophe in future.