The Effect of Irony in Hafiz's Poetry

Irony makes the word meaning multifaceted and contradictory meanings being extended in text. Explaining the theoretical framework of Irony, it has been tried in present research to make the ironic components clear, to extract the common features between irony and other semantic industries of Persian language, and to analyze the tricks and efficient forms of irony in Hafiz's poetry. The research has been conducted through a qualitative descriptive – analytic method using library documentations and data. Considering the value of irony in intellectual development of society and its enlightening by expression of rascality, the research aims to explain Hafiz's methods in using irony. The achievements, evaluated by existing evidences, indicate that irony is not compliance with some of the literary industries in Persian literature but has common aspects. These industries create complexity in a work and make it more artistic through an ironic network. Sarcasm has conformity with verbal irony. All types of irony, except romantic irony, are compatible with Hafiz's poetry. The religious and political ideas of different classes of society are the most important issues in his poetry that are compliance with irony.