The Qualitative Assessment of Married Women Teacher's Family- work Conflict and Its Management in Delvar City

Intersections of two important institutions of family and work and its varried implications for married working women can be differentiated and compared in three historical periods. In the preindustrial era, the proximity of working place and family life and the availability of informal social supports such as greater children and grandmothers etc provided conditions for working women in which they could reconcile their duties of having two important familial and working roles without experiencing any kind of work- family conflict. With the arrival of industrialization, the adjacent spheres of these institutions separated from each other; but severe gender role differentiation, the absence of women in the labor market and limitation of their roles to private and familial spaces, and allocation of the role of " breadwinner" to men exclusively prevented from or, at least, limited the conflicts arising from the interrelations of these two important institutions. In the post-industrial era, as a result of the massive entry of women into the labor market, the collapse of the male breadwinner model, and the emergence and increasing numbers of the dual- employment families, the relationship between work and family domains has found a specific quality that is usually referenced as work- family conflict. The conflict that as a worldwide phenomenon has been reported among married working women of all over the world. However, the quantity and quality of this conflict diversify according to societal cultural values, national policies, employment opportunities, family structures, and among different occupational groups and the individual characteristics of the working women themselves. The purpose of this article was to explore and analyze the modifying contexts of married women teachers with children’s experience of work – family conflict and to identify tactics they use for its managing.
Material & The participants in the study were 19 married women teachers with children in Education of Delvar town, in Bushehr province of Iran, that selected on a no probable method; and purposeful, theoretical and maximum variation sampling strategies. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyze data collected via the in- depth and focus group interviews. The authenticity and validity of findings evaluated by combination of the well known criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirm ability.
Discussion of Results& analysis of the interviews showed that the lived experience of these women in respect of intensification or dilution of the work- family conflict and its individual management could be represented via the three axial categories of " social support"( specific and generic); " uncontrollability of the children in the new media environment " ; and " individual management tactics( instrumental, cognitive and emotional tactics); and one core category by the name of " socio- techno- individual being driven of work- family conflict phenomena". The axial and core categories reflect the situation in which interviewed women in proportion to the amount of their benefit or lack of familial social support have experienced more or little work – family conflict. However, all these women, as a result of extensiveness and at the same time uncontrollability of new media technologies and their prevalent absences from the home, have been concerned about their children’s, unreasonable and uncustomary uses of these media. Most of these women, according to their educational qualifications, educational level and financial resources, rather than passivity in the face of the pressures of their double exhausting roles, have used various tactics for managing and governance of their familial and mothering duties. It could be said that although all of the women as a result of living in relatively traditional town(Delvar) and transitional and Islamic country(Iran) have had very much concerns about their housekeeping responsibilities, but the intensity Keywords: married women teachers, work- family conflict, Delvar city, grounded theory of the experienced concern and negative outcomes for those varied according to their living in different contextual and intervening conditions that could intensify or reduce this conflict, conditions that include individual capabilities, familial conditions and the age and sex of their children.