Primary Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (P-MDRTB) in Gorgan, Iran

Resistance to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs is reported to be a global problem. Previous studies showed that the prevalence rate for primary MDR-TB was higher and has been increasing. The purpose of this study is to determine the primary drug resistance strains isolated from patients with smear-positive of the new cases to anti-TB drugs.
In this cross-sectional study, 266 smear positive pulmonary TB Iranian patients were enrolled during the April 2011 and March 2012. Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) of M. tuberculosis isolates to the first-line drugs: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol and Streptomycin were performed by the proportion method using the conventional Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium.
The average age was 48.4 ± 21.3 years and 56.5 percent were male. In this study, out of 266 pulmonary TB suspects studied, susceptibility testing was performed for 189 isolates. Resistance to at least one drug was 11.1% (21/189). Resistance among newly diagnosed patients was most common for streptomycin and MDR prevalence rates (resistant to ISONIAZID and RIFAMPIN) among these patients were 2.1%.
Our finding suggests that the incidence of MDR tuberculosis in high TB burden setting stresses the need for drug susceptibility testing to be done for every patient who is culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.