Evaluation of Early- and Late-onset Cardiovascular Disorders and Related Risk Factors in Children with Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease is an acute and self-limited vasculitis which has unknown etiology. Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the most common serious complication of this disease. The main aim of this study was the evaluation of early- and late-onset cardiovascular disorders and related risk factors in children with Kawasaki disease.
This historical cohort study was conducted among 85 patients with Kawasaki disease. Echocardiography was performed in all the patients. Besides, medical documents of all the patients were evaluated. Patients were divided in groups with and without early- and late-onset cardiovascular disorders and then, statistical analysis was performed on data.
Findings: The most common early- and late-onset cardiovascular disorders were mitral regurgitation (45.9%) and tricuspid regurgitation (20%), respectively. In logistic regression analysis, patients which received second dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) showed significantly higher risk of early-onset cardiovascular disorders (OR: 2.81, 95%CI: 1.05-7.51). In addition, patients who had cardiovascular disorders in onset of the disease showed higher risk for late-onset cardiovascular disorders (OR: 7.23, 95%CI: 1.95-26.8).
In this study, it was shown that patients who received second dose of IVIG were on higher risk for early onset cardiovascular disorders. Suffering of cardiovascular disorders in initial phase of the disease was proposed as risk factor for late onset these disorders. For better evaluation, studies with larger sample size and prospective design are suggested.